For people living with systemic mastocytosis (SM), symptom flare-ups can be debilitating, seriously disrupting quality of life.
Flare-ups can be triggered by a number of dietary, environmental and physical factors, with each person having different triggers. Being aware of your triggers and avoiding them is key to living better with SM. It is also an important part of preventing any complications.
What is SM?
SM is a rare blood disorder that affects the mast cells, a type of white blood cell. They are found in the skin, internal organs and bones and as part of the immune system they protect the body against allergens and bacteria. It occurs as the result of a random mutation in the KIT gene and is mainly diagnosed in adults aged 50 years and over.
As there is no cure, treatment focuses on symptom management.
Learn more about SM causes and risk factors
Common triggers for SM flare-ups
In SM, mast cells develop uncontrollably and accumulate in the skin tissue and internal organs. This means that when mast cells detect an allergen, they release excessive histamines and other chemicals into the bloodstream as part of their immune response. This causes the body to react with inflamed, itchy skin, flushing of the face, fatigue, digestive issues such as nausea and vomiting, joint pain and mood changes.
While some symptoms may occur without any particular triggers, flare-ups of more severe symptoms can be triggered by the following:
- Physical or emotional exertion, such as stress
- Friction on the skin, like tight clothing
- Sudden changes in temperature
- Certain medications
- Alcohol
- Foods high in histamines, such as processed meats, aged cheeses
- Insect stings
- Pollen and mold
- Strong smells, such as perfume or smoke
It is also important to strengthen your immune system by maintaining good sleep patterns, engaging in gentle but regular physical activity and adopting a nutritious, unprocessed, additive-free diet.
The importance of managing triggers
The successful management of triggers in SM will significantly contribute to your health and well-being, and overall quality of life. Additionally, by avoiding symptomatic episodes you will also prevent the most serious consequences of systemic mastocytosis, such anaphylaxis and other complications.
As well as avoiding triggers, your doctor will advise you on the best treatment to help manage your symptoms. Medication may include antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers and steroids, depending on your personal situation.
